Which statement describes a non-component of the MORAL decision making model?

• A. M: Message the dilemma
• B. O: Outline your option
• C. R: Review criteria and resolve weigh the option
• D. N: Negotiate a solution or action

Answer: (D)

Understanding the MORAL decision-making sequence used in nursing leadership ethics helps you see why one option doesn’t fit. This model guides you through a clear flow: first articulate the ethical dilemma, then outline and consider possible options, next evaluate those options against ethical criteria and guiding principles, then choose and act on the best course, and finally look at the outcomes to reflect and learn. The statement about negotiating a solution or action isn’t part of these defined steps; negotiation might happen in real-world teamwork, but it isn’t a named step in the MORAL framework. So the option describing negotiation describes a process outside this model, which is why it’s the non-component.